Most of the people migrate from one place to another in
search of employment, business and education. The other reasons for migration
are family movements, marriage, and calamity. Despite of lower birth rate in
Chennai there has been an increase in the number of people in the working age
group. Temporary migrations may be annual, seasonal or even of a shorter duration, like
daily. Commutation is used for daily movement of people between city and its
surrounding towns or villages.
According
to 1991 Census about 30-40 per cent of migration is due to economic reasons,
especially for seeking employment. Migration is the net result of the combined
effects of push factors of the area from where people migrate and the pull
effect of the area to which they migrate.
In
India the rural areas suffering from poverty, unemployment and excessive
population-growth produce push effects from where rural youths, in large
number, migrate to mega cities and industrial towns which have pulling effects
due to more employment opportunities, greater prosperity and better conditions
for sustenance
“People
come to India in search of good job, and we offer them job, they are loyal and
put up their best efforts in whichever job we give them accordingly” said a
social worker.
Most of
the international migrants to India are coming from Asian countries, followed
by Europeans, Africans, etc. The neighbouring countries like Nepal,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Russia have contributed large number of migrants to India. Since there is
no restriction large number of Nepali people comes to India for seeking
employment, education, business etc.
“I was
born and brought up in Nepal, because of the condition of my family I didn’t
finish my schooling and I have been sent here to Chennai for employment. Now I
work here as a driver and I earn pretty well that I send some money to my
family in Nepal also” said Mr. Madan Singh, a migrant from Nepal.
In
India there is massive rural to urban migration towards metropolitan cities
like Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai etc to seek employment and better their economic prospects.
Majority of these migrants are illiterate or semi-literate and unskilled
peasants and labourers who are compelled to leave their village home due to poverty and unemployment. Since
some of these migrants have little skill or training. They are mostly absorbed
in some activities, indigenous transport, petty trade, or low-grade services.
Very few are in administrative, professional or technical services. Condition
of women migrants are more precarious, greater proportion of them are
illiterate or semi-literate and are compelled to take up lower jobs like as
domestic maid servants, hawkers or vendors.
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